Accurate, readily available, and timely data for health planning, workforce management, policy development, monitoring and evaluation are critical for optimal health system functioning. The purpose of the HRIS-HMIS interoperability assessment was to contribute to ongoing efforts in Kenya to optimize information for decision-making in the health sector through the strategic exchange of data. The activities employed in this assessment were designed to address the multiple facets of interoperability, including policies and procedures supporting data exchange; information communications technology (ICT) and workforce infrastructure; standards for electronic messages and data vocabularies; and implications of specific applications relevant to Kenya’s health information system (HIS).